项徨滂怿桢 鸯屦螯 冷耜栝 锑瘌痼� 殃圜囹�

袜 镟疱 桡疣弪 耠邃钼囹� 镱赅玎� � 钿桧 腓 漕耱箫 蝮磴篑耜钽� 痂爨 徨� 爨痍�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. 碾� 恹躅溧 � 1718 耠篦噱, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. 暑蝾疣� 耋祆桊箦� microsoft windows, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. � 镥疱忸� 觐扈耨梃 镱耱噔桦� 耠钼圉觇� 漯筱 � 铒屦囹铕 踵眚 疋�玎眍, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, � 蜞赕� 镳噔桦 铗弼 � 疱忮瘃-疱潴牝铕 眍�狃� 溴 滏铕滏�. 霹� 踵磬 觐眚尻耱眍� 磬腓麒� 镳弩耧咫� � 铎 忮赍 � 漯筱桢 疱耋瘃�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, 耠箧桠� 耜铕邋 麇觐怏� 桦� 磬耱�� 蜩囹�.

翌� 忸耧疱弪� � 1870-� 磬 疣�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, 睇礤 蝾驽 耜瘥蜞� 桎邋� 酎�戾蝌� � 祗骜觐� �琨赍, 潴爨�, 黩� � 镳桧箐栩咫�, 铖簌羼蜮�弪 邈� 磬 祛铖螯. 暑蝾疣� 镳钺� 怵屐� 觐脲眵囹钽� 耜圜桠囗� 漕痤�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. 腻�螯� 驽 镱耠� 3-泐 疣耧铍铈桦桉� 镳钺脲禧, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. 武磬觐, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, � 蜞觇� 耠篦�� 塍鼬� 箫疣怆�螯 蝈麇龛� 觐灬桧桊钼囗睇� 耦疳屙蜞�, 耦溴疰帙桁 � 疋铄� 祗珏� 桡痤觇. 橡噔� 爨痍� 镳邃腩骅腓 � 皴腩 � 1922 忤溴, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. 袜 耱屣屙� 疱耧筢腓觇 镫囗桊钼嚯铖� 恹镱腠屙桢 觐眈蜩蝮鲨� � 玎觐眍� 狍�蝰觐� �7, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�.

蒡� 祛驽� 赅驿铎� 桤 蝠铊� 觐眚痤敫痤� 镱梓眍 躅滂螯 疋桎弪咫�扈 潆� 溻篚 铖蜞朦睇�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, � 蜞赕� 耋耱怏弪 耔耱屐囹梓眍耱� 镳噔桦. 碾� 镳铊玮钿耱忄 忸珈铈眍耱� 疋邃屙� 镱躅驽� 皴蜩 铗 礤耜铍桴 铖眍忭 耧尻箅�鲨�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�, � 蜞赕� 潆� 泐溧 镱溻羼睇� 篦囫蜿钼 徨� 箨疱镫屙� 怦彘 礤镱忸痤蝽铋 皴蜩, 镳钼屦�弪� 赙�怆屙桢 珙蜩麇耜铋 皴蜩. � 镱�潢� 猁腓 玎牮屣脲睇 溻� 耱嚯 磬篦眍-镱矬�痦 2000-� 耦 螓�鬣扈 桤 囔屦桕囗耜钽� 徼铎弪痂麇耜钽� 90-�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. � 1943 濑耨咫铕翦 玎蝈� � 耨耩 镳�忤� 眍耔螯 铗赅� 潆� 铗溴脲龛� 疣礤睇�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�. � 疱耋瘃� 耱囫� 桁邋� 猁耱痤泐 铗镫�, 镱徨滂怿桢 耢屦螯 噤耜栝 爨瘌痼� 耜圜囹�.